Who Invented Sonar

Sonar is a system that uses transmitted and reflected underwater sound waves to detect and locate submerged objects or to measure distances underwater. It has been used for submarine and mine detection, depth detection, commercial fishing, diving safety and communication at sea. The Sonar device will send out a subsurface sound wave and then listens for returning echoes.  The sound data is then relayed to the human operators by a loudspeaker or through a display on a monitor. The Inventors As early as 1822, Daniel Colloden used an underwater bell to calculate the speed of sound underwater in Lake Geneva, Switzerland. This early research led to the invention of dedicated sonar devices by other inventors. Lewis Nixon invented the very first Sonar type listening device in 1906  as a way of detecting icebergs. Interest in Sonar increased during World War I when there was a need to be able to detect submarines. In 1915, Paul Langà ©vin invented the first sonar type device for detecting submarines called an echolocation to detect submarines by using the piezoelectric properties of the quartz. His invention arrived  too late to help very much with the war effort, though Langà ©vins work heavily influenced future sonar designs. The first Sonar devices were passive listening devices, meaning  no signals were sent out. By 1918, both Britain and the U.S had built active systems (In active Sonar, signals are both sent out and then received back). Acoustic communication systems are Sonar devices where there is both a sound wave projector and receiver on both sides of the signal path. It was the invention of the acoustic transducer and efficient acoustic projectors that made more advanced forms of Sonar possible. Sonar - SOund, NAvigation, and Ranging The word Sonar is an American term first used in World War II.  It is an acronym for SOund, NAvigation, and Ranging. The British also call Sonar ASDICS, which stands for Anti-Submarine Detection Investigation Committee. Later developments of Sonar included the echo sounder or depth detector, rapid-scanning Sonar, side-scan Sonar, and WPESS (within-pulseectronic-sector-scanning) Sonar. Two Major Kinds of Sonar Active sonar creates a pulse of sound, often called a ping  and then listens for reflections of the pulse. The pulse may be at a constant frequency or a chirp of changing frequency. If its a chirp, the receiver correlates the frequency of the reflections to the known chirp. The resulting processing gain allows the receiver to derive the same information as if a much shorter pulse with the same total power were emitted. In general, long-distance active sonars use lower frequencies. The lowest has a bass BAH-WONG sound. To measure the distance to an object, one measures the time from emission of a pulse to reception. Passive sonars listen without transmitting. They are usually military, although a few are scientific. Passive sonar systems usually have large sonic databases. A computer system frequently uses these databases to identify classes of ships, actions (i.e. the speed of a ship, or the type of weapon released) and even particular ships.

Regulating Food Advertising for Children Free Essays

Regulating Food Advertising for Children Mollie Burdick February 14, 2012 HU 101 Critical Thinking Herzing University Online The most popular form of advertisement that companies use is association. This is done by having a famous actor or actress endorse the product by being in a commercial or using that product in their television show or movie. This form of advertisement is more effective in teens wanting to fit in. We will write a custom essay sample on Regulating Food Advertising for Children or any similar topic only for you Order Now For even younger children they base what they want by what character or toy is in the commercial or on the front of the box. For example: Tony the tiger, Toucan Sam, and The Captain from Captain Crunch. Children associate things being good for them when they see them presented to them in this way, especially when they hear for example Tony the tiger saying â€Å"their great! † This is why, â€Å"thirty years ago, the marketing industry established the Children’s Advertising Review Unit (CARU) specifically to recognize that material which might be truthful and non-deceptive for adults could still mislead young people† (Liodice, R). There are guidelines for just about every aspect of our lives. Now they are trying to enforce stricter guidelines on how companies advertise their product. But can this be done without violating a company’s right for the freedom of speech? Yes, companies just need to be a little more creative. So in order to help fight childhood obesity, Liodice explains that â€Å"companies, individuals, families, schools, governments and the media need to work together in ways that will bring better health to everyone in this country† Advertisements are being targeted the hardest because children spend way too much time watching television. The average child watches about one thousand hours of television a year. â€Å"On average, children ages 2-5 spend 32 hours a week in front of a TV. Kids ages 6-11 spend about 28 hours a week in front of the TV and 71% of 8- to 18-year-olds have a TV in their bedroom. † says Kyla Boyse. This shows that children are not being active enough and they are losing their imagination. Our lives are governed by guidelines in every form. But can this be done without violating a company’s right for the freedom of speech? Yes, companies just need to be a little more creative. So in order to help fight childhood obesity, â€Å"companies, individuals, families, schools, governments and the media need to work together in ways that will bring better health to everyone in this country† (Liodice, R). One of the things that the guidelines ignored is â€Å"the point and the fact that adults make the vast majority of food purchases for their families, particularly for younger kids† (Liodice, R). So if the adults don’t buy it the kids wouldn’t be able to eat it. But what the guidelines did not forget is what children do, to get what they want. Example how children will through a temper tantrum if they can’t have what they want. So the adults have a tendency to give in to keep the child calm. This problem I blame on the government for taking punishment out of the home. Adults are powerless against children in fear of going to jail for child abuse or child endangerment. Personally I feel a trip to the wood shed would be called for, it never hurt us, but it did get our attention. In order to help stop the bad influences of food commercials on children, companies have started backing off how many food commercials they advertise. According to Nielsen Media Research there was a thirteen percent decline (Liodice, R). Especially during the prime time when children are watching television. This is a start but not the cure for childhood obesity. This is not just a media problem. This is a problem starts at home, children need to play outside more in the fresh air so they get the exercise. T. V. was not designed to be a babysitter, but seeing it has become a babysitter schools, government, companies, individuals, and families all need to work together to stopping childhood obesity. References Boss, J (2010) Think: Critical Thinking and Logic Skills for Everyday Life. Retrieved on February 14, 2012 Kyla Boyse, RN. , August 2010, Television and Children, Retrieved on February 14, 2012 from http://www. med. umich. edu/yourchild/topics/tv. htm How to cite Regulating Food Advertising for Children, Essay examples

Insight into Tricare Essay Sample free essay sample

Depending upon their position. active responsibility members. retired members. members of the Guard/Reserves. household members. and certain veterans receive free or authorities subsidised medical and dental attention. How this system came approximately is really clear and simple. History Military medical attention for active responsibility members of uniformed service and their households day of the month back to the 1700’s. In 1884 Congress directed that â€Å"medical officers of the Army and contract sawboness shall whenever possible go to the households of the officers and soldiers free of charge. † Powers ( 2008 ) . Following were great paces made to supply pregnancy attention. baby attention. psychiatric attention. and attention for lasting household members of a asleep patron. By the 80’s there was two ways for military forces. retired persons. and household member to have wellness attention. Tricare/CHAMPUS was now in full consequence. Service members received intervention at the medical installations and retired persons and household members were seen on a infinite available position. We will write a custom essay sample on Insight into Tricare Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Family members and retired persons besides had the option of utilizing Civilian Health and Medical Program Uniformed Services ( CHAMPS ) . which provides authorities subsidized attention from civilian suppliers. Merchandises Tricare offers many wellness options although it depends on who you are and where you live. TRICARE Prime provides comprehensive wellness coverage with no one-year fee. This program includes Emergency Care. Outpatient Visits. Preventive Care ( wellness test. immunisations. etc. ) . Hospitalization. Maternity Care. Mental/Behavioral wellness. Prescriptions. It is similar to an HMO program in which donees must pick a primary physician and receive referrals for forte attention. Tricare Standard: once known as CHAMPUS. Is a authorities subsidised plan. The donee may take any civilian doctor including forte attention. The donee is responsible for payment of one-year deductible and any disbursals that are non covered. Dental is contracted and administrates with MetLife and Delta Dental. Pharmacy is contracted and provides free prescription on an available list. Besides provide mail order pharmaceutics ( TMOP ) . Other auxiliary plans are offered for specific wellness demand such as Women. Infant. and Children ( WIC ) . Continued Healthcare Benefit plan ( CHCBP ) Cancer clinical tests. Enrollees Tricare is functioning more than 9. 7 million active responsibility. National Guard. retired persons. their households. subsisters. and some former partner worldwide. Tricare ( 2011 ) In order to be covered by this insurance you most run into these guidelines. Be a Active responsibility service members and their households. Retired service members and their households. Activated National Guard/Reserve members and their households. Non-activated National Guard/Reserve members and their households who qualify for attention under the Transitional Assistance Management Program. Retired National Guard/Reserve members ( age 60 and having retired wage ) and their households. Survivors. Medal of Honor receivers and their households. and Qualified former partners. The service members are automatically enrolled nevertheless household member and others must be enrolled by the service member. Organization Organization of Military Health System TMA/HA Organizational Chart Financials The maximal sum you’ll have to pay each financial twelvemonth ( October 1 – September 30 ) is called the ruinous cap. This cap applies to one-year deductibles. pharmaceutics copayments. TRICARE Prime registration fees and all other copayments or cost portions you pay for TRICARE-covered services. The cap varies depending on who you are. Tricare ( 2012 ) Mentions Black. J. ( 2008 ) . Tricare 101: The Basics. The Trey Research Monthly. 53. 149-150. Medical Briefing – Commission Site Visit to the TRICARE Management Activity. UNT Digital Library. hypertext transfer protocol: //digital. library. unt. edu/ark: /67531/metadc19211/ . Accessed January 19. 2013. Tricare. ( 2012 ) . Who We Are and Our History. World Wide Web. tricare. mil Accessed January 18. 2013.

Lucid Dreaming Essays (1051 words) - Dream, Lucid Dreams

Lucid Dreaming Ever have the feeling where you don't really know if you are dreaming or awake? That feeling of conscious awaking in you dreams where you are able to control yourself, your movements, and your wishes. This can be defined as lucid dreams. Roughly one-third of our lives we spend on sleeping, and significant amount of this time is spent on dreaming. So why not enjoy our dreams by controlling them, instead of letting dreams controlling us. The term "lucid", came from Frederik Van Eeden in 1913, he used it to define the sense of mental clarity. The definition of lucid dreaming is nothing more than becoming aware that you are dreaming, while you are dreaming. There are different levels of control among people where you are able to control your lucid dreams. A low-level lucid dream is one where you know you're dreaming, but that's it. In experiencing a higher level of lucid dream, you have the power to control, influence, and react to various events and contents of the dream. For those who have mastered the state of lucidity, the benefits are enormous. It gives a person a chance to experience adventures unsurpassed in everyday life, like that vacation on the moon. You can literally do anything you wish; the only limits are the limits bound my your imagination. Having the ability to tap to our unconscious, and subconscious mind, it also gives us a valuable insight into our daily lives. "By learning to make the best of the worst situation imaginable, you can overcome nightmare's and fears in the waking world" Gackenback/Bosveld 1989) There are several techniques for inducing a lucid dream, and the Lucidity Institute, Inc., founded in 1987 by lucid dreaming researcher Dr. Stephen LaBerge to support research on lucid dreams and to help people learn to use them to enhance their lives. This has created special devices to assist people in achieving lucid dreams. Inducing lucid dreams takes concentration, effort, and time. Some people have been able to have lucid dreams on the very first night of attempting to do so, however it may take others up to weeks. This varies greatly from person to person. It seems, as people who remember their dreams with greater ease tend to find it easier to have lucid dreams when compared to those who remember only a few every month (LaBerge). Many people seem to confront with the chance to learn of lucid dreaming asking themselves, "Why would I want to lucid dream?" The most common use of lucid dream is for those who have achieved the skill for pure fun and adventure. Unlike reality the laws of physics or even the rules of government do not restrict you. There is no need to be afraid of social consequences, because they are non-existent. You can fly, glide, touch, taste, whatever your heart desires. The limits are limitless. "Entertainment is not the only use of lucid dreaming, because of the strong link between the mind and body during dreams, there is evidence to suggest that dreams can be used for mental and physical healing" (Ziesing). Many have failed trying to induce lucid dreams, yet often people start having a lucid dream after giving up. So do not push to have one, trying too hard would only end up in frustration. After one has accomplished with the task of inducing lucid dreams to the max, reality testing is the assurance, and a constant question. Whether or not what one is experiencing is indeed reality, several times a day one may ask him/her self, "Am I dreaming?" The answer to that question might surprise the inducer of lucid dreams in time (Van de Castle 42). Mnemonic Induction of Lucid Dreams (MILD) is a technique developed by Dr. Stephen Laberge, and is used by him to induce lucid dreams at will during his study. The steps to lucid dreaming via MILD are to set you mind to awaken from dreams and recall them as completely as possible. After one has recalled it, concentrating single-mindedly on its intention to remember to realize that he/she was only dreaming. One may say, "Next time I'm dreaming, I want to remember I'm dreaming." By trying to really put this really in your mind and

Julius Ceasar Essays - Cultural Depictions Of Julius Caesar

Julius Ceasar Essays - Cultural Depictions Of Julius Caesar Julius Ceasar In Shakespeare's Julius Caesar, Decius Brutus and Mark Antony, both Roman Senators, eulogize Julius Caesar, each using a different technique and approach. Brutus, in a somewhat arrogant, to the point, eulogy, attempts to sway the people. He justifies conspiring against Caesar by stating that Caesar's ambition would have hurt Rome. However, in Antony's eulogy, he focuses on Caesar's positive traits, and cunningly disproves Brutus' justification for killing Caesar. The fickle Romans waver between leaders, responding emotionally, rather than intellectually, to the orators. Brutus seeks to explain why he conspired against Caesar. He begins his speech with Romans, countrymen ..., appealing to their consciousness as citizens of Rome, who, he later says, will benefit as freeman with Caesar's death. This shows that Brutus knows how to lure the crowd, appealing to their better judgement as Romans. He declares that he is an honorable man, and tells them that he will let them judge the validity of his claims. That is, he will allow the truth to speak for itself. This encourages the crowd to believe him, as an honorable man. He says that he wants them to know the facts; Censure me in your wisdom, and awake your senses that you may the better judge. Sharing information with the people is flattering and it almost guarantees acceptance. He gets their sympathy by saying that he loved Caesar, daring the people to find anyone who loved Caesar more. Brutus declares that he never wronged Caesar, that he cried for Caesar's love, was happy for his greatness, honored him for his courage, but had to kill him because of Caesar's ambition. He says that the reason for killing Caesar was his great love for Rome. He justifies his actions by saying that he loved Caesar but, Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. He then asks rhetorically if the people would want to live their lives as slaves under Caesar's rule or would they prefer to live as freemen with Caesar dead. To anyone insulted by his speech he wonders if, as Romans who love their freedom, they could be offended or reject what he, Brutus, says. He poses the question, Who is here so base that would be a bondman? He stresses the point, repeating the line, If any, speak, for him have I offended. I pause for a reply., allows them to respond to his rhetorical questions, giving them an even greater sense that he cares about them and their opinions. They can only respond, None, Brutus, none. That is, none are offended, they do not disagree or argue with his words or his actions. Mark Antony's eulogy utilizes a different approach. He starts out by addressing the crowd as Friends because he wants to come to them as a friend rather than a ruler trying to gain power. He then says, I come to bury Caesar, not to praise him., thus he can ease in praises of Caesar without the crowd stopping him. He sounds very sincere when he says, The noble Brutus hath told you Caesar was ambitious.... For Brutus is an honorable man. He repeats that statement three more times becoming increasingly sarcastic, saying finally, Yet Brutus says he was ambitious, and sure he was an honorable man. Since the people responded positively to Brutus' speech, Antony could not insult Brutus' honesty in a direct manner. Yet, Antony disproves Caesar's ambition with three examples. One is when he gave the ransom of captives to the public treasury and not his own, another when he cried with the poor people, and finally when he refused the kingship that Antony offered him, three times. Anyone who was ambitious would never have done any such things. Antony says, I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke. , but that is exactly what he does. Antony is using a dramatic effect on the people, first by entering on the stage with the body of Caesar, and at the end stating that his heart is still with the body of Caesar, ending his speech weeping. In justifying Caesar and disproving Brutus, the people see Antony as a potential successor to Caesar. They are swayed to him by his dramatics, his underhanded way of making a point, his repetition, and compelling proof of Caesar's concern. He is able to get the people to question the rightness of killing Caesar. He has planted doubt in the people's minds, in all areas except that he, Antony, is, poor soul, an honorable. The difference between the eulogies shows us the importance of style of speech. Both try to appeal to the people, and both use repetition, but

Historical film is more informed by the time and context within which Essay

Historical film is more informed by the time and context within which it has been made than the historical time and context it p - Essay Example It is worth noting that several historical films carry a common ‘theme of history’ such as history as a ‘flow’ of events, or a series of cause and effect relationships over time. Some of the theme of history is very vital being that they take into account the history affecting and shaping our society today as well as people making a difference in the society. By looking at historical context it is vital to consider the period and place where the movie takes place as well as significance about the event or time period. Furthermore it is advisable to consider what happens in the world beyond the film since relating the historical context greatly help in understanding all the important events taking place in the movie (Monaco & Harpole 2003, p. 39-54). Bataan Movie Bataan is a 1943 war film directed by Tay Garnet about the defense of the Bataan Peninsula at the start of World War II where Dane and a group of American and Philippine soldiers are caught up in the retreat from Manila toward Bataan. This movie involves the Japanese conquest of the Philippines in early 1942 where the U.S. forces conduct a fighting retreat after the army, civilians and a group of volunteers from different units blow up the bridge in order to delay Japanese rebuilding efforts as long as possible. After blowing the bridge, they wait for the expected enemy push to rebuild the bridge and dislocate the Americans but basic needs such as food, diseases and deficiencies of medicine greatly affect the soldiers’ even as they try to cope with the opposition. The soldiers were forced to move through the congested town as that was the only way they could escape from the Japanese soldiers who were really pressing forward as Dane and Jake Feingold tried to manage a defensive position (Bataan 1943, Film). After the commander orders soldiers to report to Captain Lassister, the town then suffered fierce attack from the air where civilians and soldiers were wedged in the o pen and executed. Soldiers were then ordered to hold a bridge until all refugees cross and later demolish the bridge as a way of stopping the Japanese soldiers and gathering their own in Bataan. The group of 13 men who were also equipped with enough equipment and supplies decided to position themselves on a cliff where they blew the bridge as they wait for Japanese but diseases and inadequate food and water would later demoralize them (Bataan 1943, Film). Japanese army managed to work at night on the bridge while the Americans were just reluctantly waiting; talking talk and eating but their peace is interrupted when a sniper catches Captain Lassiter in the open and shoots him dead. When Dane orders Barry Nelson to ascent a tree and echo on opponent undertaking, he sloppily displays himself thus making him to be shot dead by a sniper. The following day Dane and Todd go out alone launching grenades at the bridge to blow it up again but Dane is worried whether they will break from the tension and leave after most of their men die. However, Feingold serenely guarantees him they will definitely finish their obligation even as Philippine guide tries to break through the Japanese ranks to Bataan for help is seized, tortured and wounded

Strategic Business Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Strategic Business Analysis - Essay Example In this paper, the discussion would revolve around the current state of the security management market in United Kingdom. The objective is to provide an overview of the UK security industry and this had been done taking into consideration one of the leading banks of UK – Abbey National Plc.UK security companies and their services are world leaders, achieving success with equipment and services in overseas markets, particularly in America, Europe, the Middle East, and the Far East. The UK security industry was worth  £4.37 billion in 2002, divided into electronic security  £1.4 billion, physical security  £331 million, police and public services  £63 million and manned security  £1.79 billion. The first study that looked at non-public policing sector was perhaps that undertaken during the 1980s by Stephen and Shannon, which investigated the increasing significance of the private security industry in Canada (Stephen and Shannon 1981, 1982, 1995). In the UK, similar stu dies illustrating the importance of the private security industry were also undertaken around this time (Robert 1993; Anthony 1965). The next stage of research was the recognition there was also a wide range of voluntary, public sector and quasi-public sector organizations engaged in security management (Chandler 1962; Stern and Stalk 1998). Such has been the change in the focus of the study of security management that, today; much of the literature now considers the ‘pluralisation’ or ‘fragmentation’ of security (Bayley and Shearing 1996; Chandler 1962).